• Use unusual processes. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes which interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed are language-specific. 1 Optimality Theory in Phonology Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky 1. Theories of Phonological Developmentx Charles A. Ferguson I Olga K. Garnica A theory of phonological development must account for the development of all the characteristics of an adult phonology as specified by phonological theory, as well as the known facts of child phonology not covered by phonological theory. aims to construct a predictive theory of natural language sound systems, rooted in a finely-detailed account of the principles defining linguistic representations and The Phonetics-Phonology Interface "Phonetics interfaces with phonology in three ways. Second, phonetics explains many phonological patterns. First, phonetics defines distinctive features. • Demonstrate systematic sound preferences. Introduction Natural Phonology was a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. AN OVERVIEW OF THEORIES OF THE SYNTAX-PHONOLOGY INTERFACE 211 mality Theory. 1. Architecture GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY [q.v.] We will review all these proposals as well, after a presentation of the more classic models. These two interfaces constitute what has come to be called the 'substantive grounding' of phonology (Archangeli & Pulleyblank, 1994). Optimality Theory was introduced in the 1990s by linguists Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky (Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar, 1993/2004).Though originally developed from generative phonology, the principles of Optimality Theory have also been applied in studies of syntax, morphology, pragmatics, language change, and other areas. This chapter provides an overview of some of the basic assumptions and results of phonology and phonological theory. Natural Phonology • A significant problem with this theory is that errors can sometimes be described Natural Phonology (henceforth NatPhon) is a theory developed by David Stampe in the late 1960s (as in Stampe, 1969) (much of the original literature had circulated and remained unpublished), with a first point of culmination in his dissertation (1973b) and a parasession of the Chicago Linguistic Society in 1974 (Bruck et al., 1974), as well as Patricia Donegan's dissertation in 1979. • Exhibit variable process use.

Finally, Hayes’s (1990) theory of Precompiled Phrasal Phonology tries to explain all phenomena of phrasal phonology that cannot be accounted for in English phonology and linguistic theory: an introduction to issues, and to ‘Issues in English Phonology’ Philip Carr a, Patrick Honeybone b,* a De ´partement d’anglais, Universite de Montpellier III-Paul Valery, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier, France b Linguistics and English Language, University of Edinburgh, 14 Buccleuch Place, EH8 9LN, Scotland, UK

7 Natural Phonology Children with phonological disorders may: • Retain early ‘typical’ processes. 9.

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