v(in) can be calculated by the Pythagorean …
In 1992, Ulysses passed closely over Jupiter’s north pole and the planet’s intense gravity bent the spacecraft’s trajectory southward. A spacecraft’s trajectory (dashed lines) when approaching and leaving a planet. In its 10 years of interplanetary travels, the spacecraft has thrust with its ion engines for a total of 2,109 days (5.8 years), or 58 percent of the time (and 0.000000042 percent of the time since the Big Bang). 2 Description of the Mission. Students are introduced to the engineering challenges involved with interplanetary space travel. Moreover, flying above or below the moon can change the direction of the spacecraft's velocity resulting in a change only in the orientation (and angular momentum) of the orbit. The complete trajectory has been divided into five different segments. On January 19, 2006, New Horizons was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station by an Atlas V rocket directly into an Earth-and-solar escape trajectory with a speed of about This control causes the page to atomatically refresh every 10 seconds with the display time matching the "real time" clock time when the page refresh occurred. Three of them are planetary segments around Earth, Mars and Jupiter, respectively, the other two are heliocentric elliptic orbits Fig. Page Layout Flyby Timeline (initial display screen) Top The baseline trajectory foresees 9 planetary swingbys at Earth, Venus, and Mercury. The NASA/European Space Agency Ulysses mission used Jupiter's powerful gravity to fling the solar spacecraft over the poles of the sun in 1992, increasing the probe's inclination by nearly 90 degrees. NASA MAVEN probe's curved trajectory to Mars. In particular, they learn about the gravity assist or "slingshot" maneuver often used by engineers to send spacecraft to the outer planets. Getting to Mars involves boosting "forward", relative to Earth's orbit around the Sun, at a preplanned time. No fuel required once it boosts into the trajectory, the whole figure-eight curve is done by the Earth and Moon's gravity! Beautifully self-drawn. The camera views provide best estimates of what the spacecraft should see at the time. Using magnets and ball bearings to simulate a planetary flyby, students investigate what factors influence the deflection angle of a gravity assist maneuver. While for most spacecraft, firing a thruster to change … Much like how a close encounter with a planet can change a spacecraft’s velocity, as in the case of Voyagers, it can also alter the spacecraft’s inclination. Early Apollo spacecraft's free-return trajectory around the moon. The first part, as the spacecraft cruises from launch to an Earth flyby, constitutes the “cold” phase of the mission, a period where the spacecraft will reach its maximum distance from the Sun… So the location of a probe is measured by ground control, using data from the probe. Gravity assists to change the inclination of spacecraft orbits can have dramatic effects. Interplanetary probes generally don't have enough equipment on board to calculate their own position.